Introduction

1. Immigration Trends

Manitoba's population continues to grow through the arrival of all categories of immigrants. Over 164,000 permanent residents declared Manitoba as their intended destination in Canada from 2011 to 2021. By Q4 2021 Manitoba was estimated to have 1.4 million people, accounting for about 3.6 percent of Canada's total population of 38.4 million.^[1] In 2021, 16,560 immigrants who chose Manitoba as their immigration destination became permanent residents, representing 4.1 percent of total immigration to Canada. This marks an increase of 7,930 permanent resident admissions from pandemic affected 2020 (91.9% annual growth), facilitated by an easing of COVID-19 border restrictions.

The Manitoba Provincial Nominee Program (MPNP) continues to be the main tool for bringing skilled immigrants to meet Manitoba's labour and economic development needs. The MPNP nominates skilled workers, international student graduates, and business investors who are best suited to contribute to Manitoba's economy.

From 2012 to 2021, provincial nominee admissions represented two-thirds of all immigrants who declared Manitoba as their intended destination, and approximately 91% of all economic immigrants to the province. In 2021, Manitoba's provincial nominees accounted for 80.5 percent of all economic immigrants (10,315) while 19.5% of economic immigrants (2,500) arrived under federal streams. This marks a reduction in the MPNP's share of economic immigrants from 2020 (89.7%) and is mainly attributable to two factors:

• Significant growth in permanent resident admissions through the Canadian Experience Class program of the Government of Canada's Express Entry system for skilled workers; and

• The federal temporary public policy in effect from May 6 – November 5, 2021 that allowed a host of temporary residents in Canada to apply for permanent residence through six different streams targeting workers in healthcare; essential, non-healthcare occupations; recent international graduates from a Canadian institution; and French-speaking candidates falling under each category (the Temporary Resident to Permanent Resident Pathway).

In addition to the Temporary Resident to Permanent Resident (TR to PR) Pathway, 2021 immigrant admissions data saw landings of candidates through the Rural and Northern Immigration Pilot (RNIP) in Manitoba for the first time. Immigrant admissions through both pathways are captured under the 'Other Economic' category in Tables 1 and 2 below. There were 50 immigrants who landed in Manitoba through RNIP in 2021, accounting for 9 percent of the national total (555). A further 1,080 were admitted as permanent residents to our province through the TR to PR Pathway that year, accounting for the over 600 percent increase of Other Economic immigrants to Manitoba from 2020 to 2021 (rising from 370 in 2020 to 2,350 in 2021). Permanent residents declaring Manitoba as their intended destination through the TR to PR Pathway accounted for 4.5 percent of all immigrants who landed in Canada via the temporary public policy in 2021 (23,880).

Immigration pathways that fall under 'Other Economic' in Table 1 are as follows:

• Canadian Experience Class
• Caregivers
• RNIP
• Federal Skilled Trades
• Federal business immigrants (entrepreneurs, investors, self-employed businesspeople, and those launching start-up businesses)
• TR to PR Pathway

In addition to the foregoing, the Other [Federal] Economic category in Tables 2 and 3 at the Canada-wide level includes immigrants admitted through the Atlantic Immigration Program (AIP) and the federal Agri-Food Immigration Pilot. The AIP saw its first immigrants admitted to permanent residence in 2017 (rising from 80 that year to 4,920 in 2021). The Agri-Food Immigration Pilot saw its first admissions in 2021 (185 throughout Canada, 0 in Manitoba).

Table 1: Manitoba (Province of Intended Destination) - Admissions of Permanent Residents by Immigration Category, 2011–2021

Immigration Category	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	Total
Sponsored Family	1,490	1,800	2,000	1,845	1,850	2,375	2,475	2,745	3,160	1,495	2,330	23,565
Federal Skilled Workers	620	660	620	390	715	490	295	540	620	295	145	5,385
Provincial Nominees	12,355	9,540	8,865	12,195	10,260	9,960	9,430	9,895	12,545	5,835	10,315	111,195
Other Economic	190	140	130	270	270	240	335	440	485	370	2,350	5,220
Resettled Refugees & Protected Persons in Canada	1,305	1,140	1,460	1,495	1,770	3,730	2,130	1,565	2,045	605	1,235	18,480
Other	20	45	50	30	35	25	35	50	50	35	180	550
Total	15,975	13,330	13,120	16,235	14,900	16,820	14,705	15,225	18,910	8,630	16,560	164,410

In 2021, Canada welcomed 405,330 new permanent residents, which constitutes an increase of 119.6% from 2020. By immigration category, the largest groups of permanent residents who settled in Canada in 2021 were other economic immigrants (34.4%), Sponsored Family Class (20.0%), refugees (14.8%), provincial nominees (13.3%), and federal skilled workers (8.2%).

Steady growth in global vaccine availability and reductions in COVID-19 travel restrictions seem to have contributed to the significant rebound in immigrant admissions to Canada from 2020 to 2021.

Table 2: Canada - Admissions of Permanent Residents by Immigration Category, 2011–2021

Immigration Category	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	Total
Sponsored Family	61,335	69,870	83,375	67,645	65,490	78,000	82,470	85,170	91,310	49,295	80,995	814,950
Federal Skilled Workers	88,760	91,415	83,225	67,575	70,135	65,610	47,415	71,235	77,855	35,810	33,350	732,380
Provincial Nominees	38,420	40,890	39,905	47,625	44,535	46,180	49,730	62,440	68,645	38,720	53,970	531,055
Other Economic	28,910	28,450	25,130	49,995	55,755	44,245	62,140	52,690	50,150	31,865	165,650	594,980
Resettled Refugees & Protected Persons in Canada	27,880	23,090	24,005	23,460	31,615	58,550	41,120	45,495	48,530	25,490	60,155	409,390
Other	3,400	4,065	3,400	4,005	4,315	3,790	3,630	4,025	4,680	3,410	11,210	49,935
Total	248,705	257,780	259,040	260,305	271,840	296,370	286,510	321,055	341,175	184,585	405,330	3,132,700

2. Immigration Levels

Canada's mix of permanent resident admissions changed drastically from 2020 to 2021 as border restrictions eased, allowing immigration candidates overseas to land with permanent resident status. As a result, other economic immigrants increased from 17.3 percent to 40.9 percent of landings – mainly driven by substantial growth in Canadian Experience Class and TR to PR Pathway categories – while refugee admissions ticked upwards from 13.8 to 14.8 percent of the total. The Sponsored Family Class saw its share of landings decline from 26.7 percent to 20 percent from 2020 to 2021. Similar reductions were seen in provincial nominee admissions (21% to 13.3%) and Federal Skilled Workers (19.4% to 8.2%). All other immigration categories saw a strong recovery in admissions from 2020 to 2021. Other Immigration categories saw a more than threefold increase facilitated almost entirely by growth in permanent residence granted through Humanitarian & Compassionate (H&C) cases. Increased landings through H&C appear to stem from significant increases in landings of immigrants with citizenship in Nigeria, Haiti, the People's Republic (PR) of China, Hong Kong SAR, and the United States of America.

Table 3: Canada - Admissions of Permanent Residents by Immigration Category, 2019–2021

Immigration Category	2019		2020		2021
	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage
Sponsored Family	91,310	26.8%	49,295	26.7%	80,995	20.0%
Skilled Workers	77,855	22.8%	35,810	19.4%	33,350	8.2%
Other Federal Economic	50,155	14.7%	31,860	17.3%	165,650	40.9%
Provincial Nominee**	68,645	20.1%	38,720	21.0%	53,970	13.3%
Resettled Refugees & Protected Persons in Canada	48,530	14.2%	25,490	13.8%	60,155	14.8%
Other*	4,680	1.4%	3,410	1.8%	11,210	2.8%
Total	341,175	100.0%	184,585	100.0%	405,330	100.0%
Difference from previous year	20,120	6.3%	-156,590	-45.9%	220,745	119.6%

*Includes Humanitarian and Compassionate cases, Public Policy cases, and Other immigrants not included elsewhere (permit holders applying for permanent residence).

**Provincial Nominees are a subcategory of the Economic Class.

Immigration by Province or Territory

In 2021, the top destinations for new permanent residents were Ontario, British Columbia, Quebec, Alberta, and Manitoba. All provinces/territories experienced a notable increase in the absolute number of permanent resident admissions from 2020 to 2021. The proportion of admissions relative to total immigration to Canada increased in Ontario, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, and Yukon. It decreased in all other provinces/territories. Despite a near doubling of permanent resident admissions with Manitoba as an intended destination from 2020 to 2021, our province's share of total immigration to Canada decreased to 4.1 percent in 2021 from 4.7 percent a year earlier. This coincides with the proportional decline in permanent resident admissions through the Provincial Nominee Program seen from 2020 to 2021.

Ontario welcomed just under half of all immigrants to Canada, increasing its share from 44.9 to 48.9 percent from 2020 to 2021. Alberta's share of Canadian immigration slipped to under 10 percent in 2021 from 12.8 and 12.4 percent in 2019 and 2020, respectively. It is unclear what accounts for the notable upturn in immigrants who did not declare their intended destination in Canada in 2021.

Table 4: Canada - Admissions of Permanent Residents by Province/Territory of Intended Destination, 2019–2021

Province/Territory	2019		2020		2021
	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage
Newfoundland and Labrador	1,850	0.5%	905	0.5%	2,060	0.5%
Prince Edward Island	2,445	0.7%	1,290	0.7%	2,630	0.6%
Nova Scotia	7,580	2.2%	3,510	1.9%	9,020	2.2%
New Brunswick	6,000	1.8%	2,895	1.6%	5,315	1.3%
Quebec	40,565	11.9%	25,225	13.7%	50,170	12.4%
Ontario	153,395	45.0%	82,965	44.9%	198,085	48.9%
Manitoba	18,910	5.5%	8,630	4.7%	16,560	4.1%
Saskatchewan	15,855	4.6%	7,400	4.0%	10,935	2.7%
Alberta	43,690	12.8%	22,955	12.4%	39,950	9.9%
British Columbia	50,230	14.7%	28,490	15.4%	69,270	17.1%
Yukon	400	0.1%	175	– –	595	0.1%
Northwest Territories	195	– –	125	– –	295	– –
Nunavut	40	– –	20	– –	40	– –
Not stated	15	– –	– –	– –	410	0.1%
Total	341,175	100.0%	184,585	100.0%	405,330	100.0%

Manitoba saw a year-on-year decrease in the proportion of provincial nominee admissions compared to the previous year (62.3% in 2021 versus 67.6% in 2020). Provincial nominees remain Manitoba's most important source of immigrants. The slight decline in the provincial nominee share of Manitoba's overall immigration admissions is due to the significant upturn in Other Federal Economic Class landings (Canadian Experience Class and TR to PR Pathway). Permanent resident admissions to Manitoba through the Sponsored Family Class declined from 17.3 percent to 14.1 percent of all landings, while admissions through the Federal Skilled Workers program witnessed a year-over-year reduction from 3.4 percent to 0.9 percent of landings from 2020 to 2021. Also consistent with the Canada-wide trend, Manitoba witnessed a notable upturn in H&C landings, from 0.4 percent in 2020 to 1.1 percent of admissions in 2021.

Table 5: Manitoba (Province of Intended Destination) - Admissions of Permanent Residents by Immigration Category, 2019–2021

Immigration Category	2019		2020		2021
	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage
Sponsored Family	3,160	16.7%	1,495	17.3%	2,330	14.1%
Federal Skilled Workers	620	3.3%	295	3.4%	145	0.9%
Other Federal Economic Class*	490	2.6%	365	4.2%	2,355	14.2%
Provincial Nominee**	12,545	66.3%	5,835	67.6%	10,315	62.3%
Resettled Refugees & Protected Persons in Canada	2,045	10.8%	605	7.0%	1,235	7.5%
Other***	50	0.3%	35	0.4%	180	1.1%
Total PR landings and percentage of Canada's total immigration	18,910	5.5%	8,630	4.7%	16,560	4.1%
Difference from previous year	3,685	24.2%	-10,280	-54.4%	7,930	91.9%

*Includes permanent residents who landed in Manitoba through the Canadian Experience Class, Live-in Caregivers, RNIP, Federal Skilled Trades, Federal business immigration streams, and the TR to PR Pathway.

**Provincial nominees are nominated for permanent residence by the Manitoba Provincial Nominee Program (MPNP) and are a category of Economic Class immigrants.

***Includes permanent residents admitted to Manitoba through federal Humanitarian & Compassionate case streams, and all other permit holder classes not covered by the table.

Immigration by City

Winnipeg ranked seventh among Canadian cities as a destination for immigrants in 2021, following Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, Calgary, Edmonton, and Ottawa. This marks the second year in a row that Winnipeg ranked below Ottawa as an intended destination for immigrants. The gap between immigrant landings in Ottawa and Winnipeg is rising. Permanent residents destined for Ottawa grew from 10,935 in 2019 to 13,705 in 2021. Hamilton, Ontario rejoined the Top Ten list in 2021, overtaking Saskatoon and usual Top Ten member, Regina. Hamilton last appeared in the Top Ten in 2015.

Together, Canada's Top Ten Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) attracted just over 77 percent of new permanent residents to Canada in 2021. This is down slightly from 2019, when the Top Ten CMAs accounted for nearly 80 percent of all immigrant landings. Conversely, immigrant landings outside the Top Ten CMAs grew from just over 20 percent to nearly 23 percent of all landings during the three-year period in question.

The growth of the AIP into a permanent immigration program, along with the recent emergence of RNIP and the federal Agri-Food Immigration Pilot, likely contributed to the increase in Canadian immigrant landings outside the country's Top Ten CMAs from 2019 to 2021. There were 5,660 immigrants admitted as permanent residents to Canada through the AIP, RNIP, and Agri-Food Immigration Pilot in 2021, accounting for 1.4 percent of all immigrants to Canada.

Despite the upturn in regional immigration, the Toronto CMA continues to be a centre of gravity for Canadian immigration, serving as the intended destination of over one-third of all new immigrants to Canada from 2019–2021. Most of Canada's largest CMAs witnessed declines in their share of Canadian immigration since 2019, with Toronto and Vancouver being notable exceptions.

Table 6: Canada - Admissions of Permanent Resident by Top Ten (Total 2019–2021 Rank) Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) of Intended Destination, 2019–2021

Census Metropolitan Area	2019			2020			2021
	Number	Percentage	Rank	Number	Percentage	Rank	Number	Percentage	Rank
Toronto	117,770	34.5%	1	61,050	33.1%	1	141,875	35.0%	1
Vancouver	39,950	11.7%	2	22,735	12.3%	2	53,730	13.3%	2
Montréal	34,630	10.2%	3	20,975	11.4%	3	40,285	9.9%	3
Calgary	19,625	5.8%	4	10,655	5.8%	4	17,690	4.4%	4
Edmonton	16,420	4.8%	5	8,355	4.5%	5	14,715	3.6%	5
Ottawa - Gatineau (Ontario Part)	10,935	3.2%	7	6,815	3.7%	6	13,705	3.4%	6
Winnipeg	14,740	4.3%	6	6,455	3.5%	7	12,895	3.2%	7
Halifax	6,240	1.8%	8	2,805	1.5%	10	6,895	1.7%	8
Hamilton	—	—	—	—	—	—	6,610	1.6%	9
Saskatoon	5,865	1.7%	10	2,810	1.5%	9	4,285	1.1%	10
Regina	6,140	1.8%	9	2,960	1.6%	8	—	—	—
Total Top Ten	272,315	79.8%		145,615	78.9%		312,685	77.1%
Rest of Canada	68,860	20.2%		38,970	21.1%		92,645	22.9%
Total	341,175	100.0%		184,585	100.0%		405,330	100.0%

3. Manitoba Permanent Residents

Sponsored Family

Eligible Canadian citizens and permanent residents living in Canada can sponsor their family members – spouses, dependents, grandparents, and extended family members – to come to Canada. There were 2,330 permanent residents (14.1% of all admissions) who declared Manitoba their intended destination through the Sponsored Family category in 2021; a 55.9 percent increase from the 1,495 who landed in COVID-impacted 2020. Despite the notable increase in overall landings through the Sponsored Family Class, the share of candidates admitted to Manitoba through federal family pathways declined from 17.3 percent to 14.1 percent of total landings from 2020 to 2021. Provincial nominee principal applicants (33.8%) and their spouses and dependents (28.5%) continued to account for approximately two-thirds of all permanent resident landings in Manitoba in 2021. The federal TR to PR Pathway amounted to 6.5 percent of all permanent resident admissions to our province in 2021. The vast majority of these candidates (935 of the 985) were principal applicants 29 years of age or younger. The TR to PR Pathway was overwhelmingly utilized by a young, single demographic.

Table 7: Manitoba (Province of Intended Destination) - Admissions of Permanent Residents by Immigration Category, 2019–2021

Immigration Category	2019		2020		2021
Sponsored Family	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage
Principal Applicant (PA)	2,610	13.8%	1,225	14.2%	1,915	11.6%
Spouse/Partner/Dependent (SD)	555	2.9%	270	3.1%	420	2.5%
Sponsored Family Subtotal	3,160	16.7%	1,495	17.3%	2,330	14.1%
Economic Class
Business	20	0.1%	15	0.2%	20	0.1%
Canadian Experience Class - PA	280	1.5%	235	2.7%	900	5.4%
Canadian Experience Class - SD	135	0.7%	110	1.3%	285	1.7%
Caregiver Class - PA	20	0.1%	– –	– –	10	– –
Caregiver Class - SD	30	0.2%	– –	– –	5	– –
Provincial Nominees - PA	5,890	31.1%	2,870	33.3%	5,600	33.8%
Provincial Nominees - SD	6,650	35.2%	2,965	34.4%	4,715	28.5%
Skilled Trades	– –	– –	5	– –	– –	– –
Skilled Workers - PA	285	1.5%	170	2.0%	75	0.5%
Skilled Workers - SD	335	1.8%	125	1.4%	70	0.4%
Rural and Northern Immigration Pilot - PA	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	15	– –
Rural and Northern Immigration Pilot - SD	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	35	0.2%
Temporary Resident to Permanent Resident Pathway - PA	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	985	5.9%
Temporary Resident to Permanent Resident Pathway - SD	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	95	0.6%
Economic Class Subtotal	13,650	72.2%	6,500	75.3%	12,815	77.4%
Resettled Refugees & Protected Persons in Canada
Government-Assisted Refugees	550	2.9%	165	1.9%	395	2.4%
Privately Sponsored Refugees	1,105	5.8%	190	2.2%	450	2.7%
Blended Sponsorship Refugees	155	0.8%	– –	– –	10	– –
Protected Persons in Canada & Dependants	235	1.2%	250	2.9%	385	2.3%
Resettled Refugees & Protected Persons in Canada Subtotal	2,045	10.8%	605	7.0%	1,235	7.5%
Other	50	0.3%	35	0.4%	180	1.1%
Total	18,910	100.0%	8,630	100.0%	16,560	100.0%

Refugees

In 2021, refugees from all over the world settled in communities throughout Manitoba, supported by various groups and service provider organizations. Of all permanent residents admitted to Manitoba in 2021, 7.5 percent were admitted as resettled refugees and protected persons (1,235). Manitoba was the intended destination of 2.1 percent of all resettled refugees and protected persons in Canada in 2021, down from 2.4 percent in 2020. Manitoba accounted for 3.7 percent of Canada's government-assisted refugee admissions (395) and for 4.7 percent of privately sponsored refugee admissions (450) in 2021. These numbers constitute a decrease in the share of government-assisted refugees– and an increase in the proportion of privately sponsored refugees – from 2020, when 4.3 percent of Canada's government-assisted refugee admissions (165) and 3.6 percent of privately sponsored refugees (190) declared Manitoba their intended destination.

Of all resettled refugees (excludes protected persons) who came to Manitoba from 2019–2021, the top countries of citizenship were Eritrea, Syria, Somalia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Ethiopia. This is unchanged from the 2018-2020 period. Stateless persons became among the twelve greatest sources of resettled refugees to Manitoba during the most recent 3-year period, while Iran no longer figures among the Top Twelve source countries for refugees.

Table 8: Manitoba (Province of Intended Destination) - Admissions of Resettled Refugees by Country of Citizenship, 2019–2021

Country of Citizenship	Number	Percentage
Eritrea	905	30.0%
Syria	500	16.6%
Democratic Republic of Somalia	465	15.4%
Democratic Republic of the Congo	270	8.9%
Ethiopia	170	5.6%
Afghanistan	140	4.6%
Central African Republic	85	2.8%
Iraq	75	2.5%
Democratic Republic of Sudan	70	2.3%
Pakistan	50	1.7%
Stateless	50	1.7%
Burundi	40	1.3%
All other countries	200	6.6%
Total	3,020	100.0%

4. Destination

Regional Destination (Economic Region)

Immigration continues to benefit regional communities. Since 2019, approximately 33,795 immigrants declared the Winnipeg Economic Region – which includes the City of Winnipeg and Rural Municipality of Headingley – to be their intended destination, while approximately 10,290 immigrants declared other economic regions outside of Winnipeg as their intended destinations. In 2021, 23.3 percent of newcomers had a destination outside of the Winnipeg Economic Region, a decrease of nearly 3.0 percent from 2020. The Winnipeg Economic Region restored its pre-pandemic proportion of immigrant landings (77.4%) in 2021. Manitoba's South Central Economic Region (e.g. Altona, Carman, Morden, Morris, Winkler, etc.) witnessed a notable decline, falling from 7.0 percent of Manitoba's immigrant landings to 4.6 percent from 2020 to 2021.

Table 9: Manitoba (Province of Intended Destination) - Admissions of Permanent Residents by Economic Region of Intended Destination, 2019–2021

Economic Region	2019			2020			2021
	Number	Percentage	Rank	Number	Percentage	Rank	Number	Percentage	Rank
Winnipeg	14,610	77.3%	1	6,380	73.9%	1	12,810	77.4%	1
Southwest	1,710	9.0%	2	835	9.7%	2	1,600	9.7%	2
South Central	1,135	6.0%	3	600	7.0%	3	760	4.6%	3
Southeast	535	2.8%	4	270	3.1%	4	555	3.4%	4
North	305	1.6%	5	190	2.2%	5	255	1.5%	5
Interlake	285	1.5%	6	145	1.7%	6	255	1.5%	6
North Central	150	0.8%	8	120	1.4%	7	185	1.1%	7
Parklands	175	0.9%	7	95	1.1%	8	140	0.8%	8
Not stated	10	– –	9	– –	– –	9	– –	– –	9
Total	18,910	100.0%		8,630	100.0%		16,560	100.0%

Community Destination (Municipality)

Since 2019, approximately 33,730 immigrants declared Winnipeg as their intended destination compared to 10,370 who chose one of more than 130 regional communities in Manitoba. From 2019–2021, top regional destinations included Brandon (2,340), Neepawa (1,475), Morden (995), Winkler (790), and Steinbach (665).

In 2021, 3,770 new permanent residents had regional communities outside of Winnipeg as their intended destinations, a two-thirds increase from COVID-affected 2020 (2,270).

Table 10: Manitoba (Province of Intended Destination) - Admissions of Permanent Residents by Top Ten (2021 Rank) Municipality of Intended Destination, 2019–2021

Municipality	2019			2020			2021			2019–2021
	Number	Percentage	Rank	Number	Percentage	Rank	Number	Percentage	Rank	Number
Winnipeg	14,580	77.1%	1	6,360	73.7%	1	12,790	77.2%	1	33,730
Brandon	875	4.6%	2	535	6.2%	2	930	5.6%	2	2,340
Neepawa	700	3.7%	3	250	2.9%	3	520	3.1%	3	1,475
Steinbach	270	1.4%	6	125	1.4%	7	270	1.6%	4	665
Morden	515	2.7%	4	215	2.5%	4	265	1.6%	5	995
Winkler	325	1.7%	5	210	2.4%	5	250	1.5%	6	790
Thompson	245	1.3%	7	145	1.7%	6	185	1.1%	7	575
Portage la Prairie	110	0.6%	9	70	0.8%	8	140	0.8%	8	320
Altona	90	0.5%	10	60	0.7%	9	115	0.7%	9	265
Selkirk	120	0.6%	8	45	0.6%	10	100	0.6%	10	265
Total Top Ten (2021 Rank)	17,830	94.3%		8,020	92.9%		15,570	94.0%		41,420
Other municipalities in Manitoba	1,080	5.7%		610	7.1%		990	6.0%		93.9%
Total	18,910	100.0%		8,630	100.0%		16,560	100.0%		44,100

5. Source Country

In 2021, India, PR China, Philippines, Nigeria and Brazil ranked among the Top Five source countries for immigrants to Manitoba, consistent with 2020. Together, these five countries represented 66.3 percent of all immigrants to Manitoba in 2021, up from 58.1 percent the year before. Eritrea was Manitoba's sixth-leading source country for immigrants in 2021; rising from tenth in 2020. In addition, the United States of America and Vietnam became Top Ten source countries in 2021, while the Republic of Korea rejoined the Top Ten after an absence in 2020. Pakistan dropped from sixth to tenth-leading source country for immigrants to Manitoba from 2020 to 2021.

In 2019 and 2020, Top Ten source countries accounted for just over two-thirds of all immigrants declaring Manitoba as their intended destination in Canada. In 2021, the Top Ten accounted for more than three-quarters of all immigrants.

Table 11: Manitoba (Province of Intended Destination) - Admissions of Permanent Residents by Top Ten (2021 Rank) Country of Citizenship, 2019–2021

Country of Citizenship	2019			2020			2021
	Number	Percentage	Rank	Number	Percentage	Rank	Number	Percentage	Rank
India	4,625	24.5%	1	2,035	23.6%	1	5,485	33.1%	1
China, People's Republic of	1,810	9.6%	3	1,050	12.2%	2	1,790	10.8%	2
Philippines	2,585	13.7%	2	995	11.5%	3	1,640	9.9%	3
Nigeria	1,625	8.6%	4	580	6.7%	4	1,585	9.6%	4
Brazil	585	3.1%	6	350	4.1%	5	485	2.9%	5
Eritrea	635	3.4%	5	180	2.1%	7	400	2.4%	6
United States of America	320	1.7%	9	145	1.7%	9	290	1.8%	7
Korea, Republic of	385	2.0%	8	155	1.8%	8	290	1.8%	8
Vietnam	200	1.1%	10	105	1.2%	10	270	1.6%	9
Pakistan	445	2.4%	7	250	2.9%	6	255	1.5%	10
Total Top Ten (2021 Rank)	13,210	69.9%		5,855	67.8%		12,490	75.4%
Other Countries	5,700	30.1%		2,775	32.2%		4,070	24.6%
Total	18,910	100.0%		8,630	100.0%		16,560	100.0%

World Region

In 2021, 62.7 percent of immigrants who declared Manitoba as their intended destination in Canada had citizenship in countries located in the Asia & Pacific region, up from 56.3 percent in 2020. Africa and the Middle East accounted for 21.5 percent of all new immigrants to Manitoba in 2021, followed by The Americas [not including the United States] (8.2%), Europe (5.6%), and the United States (1.8%).

Table 12: Manitoba (Province of Intended Destination) - Admissions of Permanent Residents by World Area of Country of Citizenship, 2019–2021

World Region	2019	2020	2021
Asia & Pacific	10,620	4,860	10,385
Africa & Middle East	5,170	2,085	3,565
Europe	1,445	760	925
Americas	1,315	765	1,365
United States of America	320	145	290
Stateless	40	15	25
Total	18,910	8,630	16,560

6. Demographics

Age-Gender Structure

7. Official Languages

Mother Tongue

People arrive in Manitoba from all over the world with the ability to communicate in many languages other than English or French. In 2021, permanent residents with Manitoba as their intended destination declared an ability to communicate in over 160 languages. The top languages spoken were Punjabi (25.0%), Chinese (11.7%), Tagalog (8.8%), Yoruba (5.3%), and Spanish (3.8%). The percentage of Punjabi speakers increased significantly from 2020 to 2021, rising from 14 percent to 25 percent of all permanent residents admitted to Manitoba. There has also been a marked decline in absolute numbers of Arabic-speaking immigrants landing in Manitoba in recent years.

Table 13: Manitoba (Province of Intended Destination) - Admissions of Permanent Residents by Top Ten (2021 Rank) Language Spoken, 2019–2021

Language Spoken	2019			2020			2021
	Number	Percentage	Rank	Number	Percentage	Rank	Number	Percentage	Rank
Punjabi	3,090	16.3%	1	1,210	14.0%	1	4,135	25.0%	1
Chinese	1,910	10.1%	3	1,130	13.1%	2	1,940	11.7%	2
Tagalog	2,120	11.2%	2	865	10.0%	3	1,460	8.8%	3
Yoruba	920	4.9%	6	285	3.3%	8	875	5.3%	4
English	1,065	5.6%	4	470	5.4%	5	860	5.2%	5
Spanish	355	1.9%	10	260	3.0%	9	635	3.8%	6
Gujarati	715	3.8%	7	445	5.2%	6	615	3.7%	7
Portuguese	605	3.2%	8	360	4.2%	7	495	3.0%	8
Arabic	935	4.9%	5	565	6.5%	4	470	2.8%	9
Hindi	440	2.3%	9	210	2.4%	10	440	2.7%	10
Total Top Ten (2021 Rank)	12,155	64.3%		5,800	67.2%		11,925	72.0%
Other Languages	6,755	35.7%		2,830	32.8%		4,635	28.0%
Total	18,910	100.0%		8,630	100.0%		16,560	100.0%

English and French Official Languages Spoken

In 2021, the percentage of Manitoba's immigrants who declared English as their official language spoken was 86.5 percent (14,325), up from 80.0 percent in 2020 (6,905).

Manitoba was the intended destination of 490 immigrants who declared either French or both French and English as their official languages in 2021, representing 3.0 percent of the province's immigrant admissions. This is a marked decline from 2020, which saw 6.1 percent of immigrants to Manitoba declare French or both French and English as their official languages spoken. Though 2020 was an anomaly, landings of permanent residents with knowledge of French or both French and English accounted for 4.3 percent of all permanent residents admitted in 2019. Though 2021 saw a proportional decline in the number of French speakers immigrating to Manitoba, it is nevertheless in line with the 2017 and 2018 figures of 3.1 percent and 2.6 per cent, respectively.

Overall, 1,840 immigrants destined for Manitoba declared an ability to speak in French during the 2019–2021 period. This represents 4.2 percent of all permanent resident admissions to Manitoba during the most recent three-year period, up from 4.1 percent from 2018 – 2020. In 2021, 2.7 percent of all MPNP nominations were francophone, up from 2.2 percent in 2020. Just over 60 percent of immigrants (permanent residents) destined for Manitoba – who declared either French or both French and English as their knowledge of official languages – were provincial nominees in 2021, down from 70.8 percent in 2020.

Table 14: Manitoba (Province of Intended Destination) - Admissions of Permanent Residents by Official Language Spoken, 2019–2021

Official Language	2019	2020	2021
English	14,950	6,905	14,325
French	300	195	120
Both French and English	520	335	370
Neither	2,850	1,110	1,505
Not stated	290	85	240
Total	18,910	8,630	16,560

8. Education, Occupation, and Skill Level

In 2021, just over 50 percent of permanent residents admitted to Manitoba aged 25 and older had a bachelor's degree or higher, compared to 47.9 percent in 2020 and 51.1 percent in 2019. Education levels of permanent residents with Manitoba as intended destination have been mostly consistent over the past three years. The number of immigrants declaring secondary school or less as their education qualification declined from nearly 15 percent in 2019 to just over 12 percent in 2020 and 2021. The number of immigrants opting not to declare their education qualification increased from 14.7 percent in 2019 to more than 18 percent in 2020 and 2021. It is unclear what accounts for the growth in this category at this time.

Table 15: Manitoba (Province of Intended Destination) - Admissions of Permanent Residents Aged 25 Years and Over by Education Qualification, 2019–2021

Level of Education	2019		2020		2021
None	160	1.3%	50	0.9%	95	0.9%
Secondary or Less	1,785	14.7%	710	12.4%	1,245	12.1%
Trade Diploma or Certificate	710	5.9%	360	6.3%	585	5.7%
Non-University Certificate or Diploma	790	6.5%	380	6.6%	630	6.1%
Post-Secondary - No Degree	685	5.7%	375	6.6%	690	6.7%
Bachelor's Degree	4,145	34.2%	1,850	32.3%	3,435	33.4%
Post-Graduate - No Degree	385	3.2%	195	3.4%	415	4.0%
Master's Degree	1,570	13.0%	640	11.2%	1,235	12.0%
Doctorate - PhD	95	0.8%	55	1.0%	80	0.8%
Not stated	1,785	14.7%	1,110	19.4%	1,860	18.1%
Total	12,115	100.0%	5,720	100.0%	10,275	100.0%

Occupation

In 2021, 62.5 percent of principal applicants under the economic category were considered highly skilled (NOC 0, A and B); down from 66.4 percent in 2020. By comparison, 36.4 percent of Economic Class principal applicants were considered low skilled (NOC C and D) in 2021; up from 32.7 percent in 2020. The Manitoba Bureau of Statistics' Spotlight on Labour Shortages notes that the surge in job vacancies is more concentrated in low-paying occupations, and that among occupations with the largest growth in vacancies, 7 in 10 are low-paying jobs.^[2] The proportional increase in low-skilled immigrant arrivals in 2021 seems to be aligned with Manitoba's current labour market needs.

Skilled and Technical professions (NOC B) and Intermediate and Clerical positions (NOC C) continue to be the top occupations of economic immigrants (principal applicants only) to Manitoba, accounting for 71 percent of the total in 2021.

Table 16: Manitoba (Province of Intended Destination) - Admissions of Economic Permanent Residents (Principal Applicant Only) by Skill Level, 2021

Skill Level	Number	Percentage
0 - Managerial	505	6.7%
A - Professionals	830	10.9%
B - Skilled and Technical	3,410	44.9%
C - Intermediate and Clerical	1,980	26.1%
D - Elemental and Labourers	780	10.3%
Intending to work*	45	0.6%
Not intending to work*	20	0.3%
Not stated	20	0.3%
Total	7,590	100.0%

The table represents skill level for Economic Immigrant Principal Applicants only, including provincial nominees, federally selected skilled workers and tradespeople, federal business candidates, live-in caregivers, RNIP candidates, federal Canadian Experience Class, and the 2021 temporary TR to PR pathway.

*Intending to work includes new workers (15 years of age or older); not intending to work includes other non-workers (15 years of age or older) and students (15 years of age or older).

Skill Type Category

In 2021, sales and service professions grew from nearly one-third of the assessed occupations of Manitoba Economic Class Permanent Residents in 2019 (31.0%) and 2020 (31.7%) to almost 40% in 2021. The increased percentage of sales and service workers appears to have been partly driven by the MPNP's focus on nominating Skilled Workers in Manitoba during the pandemic. Skilled Workers in Manitoba accounted for 79.4 percent of nominations in 2020 and for 71.2 percent in 2021, up from 54.5 percent in 2019. The temporary TR to PR pathway and Canadian Experience Class also served as key avenues allowing temporary foreign workers employed in sales and service occupations to attain permanent resident status in Manitoba.

Professions in sales and services; business, finance and administration; natural and applied sciences; and trades, transport and equipment operation accounted for 77.1 percent of assessed occupations of Economic Class permanent residents admitted to Manitoba in 2021. This marks an increase from 2020 (72.2%) and 2019 (67.3%).

Table 17: Manitoba (Province of Intended Destination) - Admissions of Economic Permanent Residents (Principal Applicant Only) by Intended Occupation (1-Digit NOC 2011), 2019–2021

Occupations	2019		2020		2021
	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage
0 - Management occupations	575	8.9%	250	7.6%	495	6.5%
1 - Business, finance and administration occupations	970	15.0%	515	15.7%	1095	14.4%
2 - Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	755	11.6%	480	14.6%	760	10.0%
3 - Health occupations	230	3.5%	100	3.0%	135	1.8%
4 - Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	410	6.3%	215	6.5%	370	4.9%
5 - Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	75	1.2%	30	0.9%	75	1.0%
6 - Sales and service occupations	2,010	31.0%	1,040	31.7%	3,025	39.9%
7 - Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	630	9.7%	335	10.2%	970	12.8%
8 - Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	85	1.3%	40	1.2%	85	1.1%
9 - Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	505	7.8%	210	6.4%	485	6.4%
Not stated	35	0.5%	15	0.5%	20	0.3%
Other*	195	3.0%	50	1.5%	75	1.0%
Total	6,485	100.0%	3,285	100.0%	7,590	100.0%

The table represents skill level for Economic Immigrant Principal Applicants only, including provincial nominees, federally selected skilled workers and tradespeople, federal business candidates, live-in caregivers, RNIP candidates, federal Canadian Experience Class, and the 2021 temporary TR to PR pathway.

*Other category includes principal applicants not intending to work and other occupations not covered by a NOC code.

9. Temporary Foreign Workers and International Students

Temporary Residents

In Manitoba, temporary residents who have worked for more than six months on a full-time, continuous basis – or who have graduated from a post-secondary program in the province – have pathways to apply to the MPNP to become permanent residents. A total of 11,565 foreign workers who received work permits through the federal International Mobility Program (IMP) declared Manitoba as their intended destination in 2021. This marks a 25.7 percent increase from 2020, a 27.6 percent increase from pre-pandemic 2019, and a 187 percent increase from 2012. There were also 1,110 Temporary Foreign Workers (TFWs) issued work permits through the Government of Canada's Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) – which requires a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) – who declared Manitoba their intended destination in 2021. This marks an 18.1 percent increase from 2020, a 15.6 percent decline from pre-pandemic 2019, and a 40.3 percent decline from 2012.

The past decade has seen a reorientation in Canadian foreign workers, with those arriving through an LMIA being steadily scaled down alongside rapid growth in issuance of work permits through the IMP. These changes are most likely attributable to the notable growth in study permits issued during the past ten years. This has led to a significant increase in the number of international students studying at Manitoban educational institutions and has resulted in a growing number of foreign workers in Manitoba on post-graduation work permits (which are issued through the IMP). The significant increase in IMP work permit holders is also attributable to growth in work permits issued to spouses of students and foreign workers.

The decline in TFWs obtaining work permits through the TFWP may be a reflection of the growth in opportunities for persons abroad to complete post-secondary studies at Canadian institutions since 2012. It may be more advantageous for a potential immigrant to complete a post-secondary program of interest, obtain an open work permit, and gain full-time Canadian (Manitoban) work experience with any employer in any occupation after graduation. By comparison, the TFWP requires a potential TFW to locate an employer willing to pay $1,000 through the LMIA process. The TFW is then required to work for that employer – in the position and location specified in the work permit – until they gain permanent residence in Canada (if they choose to pursue it). By comparison, Manitoban employers can hire foreign workers on open post-graduation work permits at no extra cost. Work permits obtained through the IMP offer greater flexibility for foreign workers than those obtained through an LMIA process. Together with Manitoba's current and anticipated labour shortages – and the federal Trade Commissioner Service's goal of intensifying its efforts to grow and diversify Canada's international education sector^[3] – these trends are likely to continue for the foreseeable future.

Table 18: Manitoba (Province of Destination) - Work Permit Holders by Program and Year in which Permit(s) Became Effective*, 2012–2021

Program	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Temporary Foreign Worker Program Work Permit Holders	1,860	1,795	1,380	885	875	770	1,170	1,315	940	1,110
International Mobility Program Work Permit Holders	4,025	4,715	5,045	5,065	6,715	7,205	8,125	9,060	9,200	11,565

*This term refers to permit holders with a valid permit that was signed in the given calendar year. The total unique count may not equal the sum of permit holders in each program, as an individual may hold more than one type of permit in the same year.

There has been a notable decline in work permits issued through the TFWP (LMIA process) in connection with Brandon and Winnipeg as worker destinations. Beginning in 2014, consistently more of these types of permits were issued to TFWs destined for municipalities outside of Manitoba's two largest urban areas. Employers in Manitoba's regional municipalities are more reliant on LMIAs and the TFWP to attract workers, while employers in Brandon and Winnipeg seem to increasingly source foreign workers through the IMP; namely international student graduates on post-graduation work permits and spouses of international students, international student graduates, and other foreign workers (on open spousal work permits).

Table 19: Manitoba (Province of Destination) - Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) Work Permit Holders with Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) by Census Metropolitan Area of Destination and Year in which Permit(s) Became Effective*, 2012–2021

Census Metropolitan Area	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Brandon	315	245	220	180	140	135	130	140	– –	15
Winnipeg	820	860	520	255	270	255	280	375	375	400
Other	725	690	640	450	465	380	760	800	565	695
Total Unique TFWP Work Permit Holders	1,860	1,795	1,380	885	875	770	1,170	1,315	940	1,110

*This term refers to permit holders with a valid permit that was signed in the given calendar year. The total unique count may not equal the sum of permit holders in each program, as an individual may hold more than one type of permit in the same year.

The table below highlights the growth in the number of foreign workers in Manitoba who have been issued work permits obtained through the IMP over the past 10 years. IMP work permits with Brandon as intended destination increased by 167 percent from 2012 to 2021, while IMP permits with Winnipeg as intended destination grew by over 200 percent over the same period. Though the increase in IMP work permits over the past decade are mostly linked to Brandon and Winnipeg, IMP work permit holders destined for other Manitoba regional municipalities also increased markedly from 2012 to 2021, rising from 855 permits in 2012 to 1,805 in 2021 (a 111% increase). There is a key difference in what is driving growth in IMP holders between Brandon and Winnipeg versus the rest of Manitoba. In Brandon and Winnipeg, it appears to be an increase in post-graduation work permit and open spousal work permit holders that are primarily responsible for the past decade's growth. Outside of Brandon and Winnipeg, it is an increase in issuance of work permits through Canada-Provincial/Territorial Agreements that is most responsible for the growth in IMP permit holders since 2012. Work permits issued pursuant to Canada-Provincial/Territorial Agreements are ordinarily issued to provincial nominees who have an employer that has paid the federal $230.00 compliance fee through the IMP. On a balance of probabilities, these would mainly be candidates who received MPNP nominations through the program's Employer Direct Pathway after having a foreign worker recruitment request approved by the Manitoba government unit responsible for employer services.

In sum, Manitoba employers in regional municipalities mostly rely on the TFWP and Manitoba government employer services to source foreign workers. Employers in Brandon and Winnipeg mainly seem to rely on post-graduation work permit and spousal open work permit holders as sources of foreign workers.

Table 20: Manitoba (Province of Destination) - International Mobility Program (IMP) Work Permit Holders by Census Metropolitan Area of Destination and Year in which Permit(s) Became Effective*, 2012–2021

Census Metropolitan Area	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Brandon	170	195	265	195	190	245	250	295	340	455
Winnipeg	3,000	3,380	3,260	3,550	5,110	5,450	6,315	7,000	7,300	9,305
Other	855	1,140	1,520	1,320	1,415	1,510	1,560	1,765	1,560	1,805
Total Unique IMP Work Permit Holders	4,025	4,715	5,045	5,065	6,715	7,205	8,125	9,060	9,200	11,565

*This term refers to permit holders with a valid permit that was signed in the given year.

International Students

In 2021, the number of study permit holders declaring Manitoba as their intended destination was 12,680. This constitutes a 51.2 percent increase from pandemic-affected 2020 (8,385). Most international students (11,720, corresponding with 92.4%) were issued permits in connection with educational institutions in Winnipeg in 2021, a proportional decrease from the previous year (7,830, amounting to 93.4%).

Table 21: Manitoba (Province of Destination) - Study Permit Holders by Census Metropolitan Area of Destination and Year in which Permit(s) Became Effective*, 2012–2021

Census Metropolitan Area	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Brandon	150	175	160	240	290	410	495	610	315	585
Winnipeg	4,450	5,235	5,645	6,365	7,955	9,655	11,155	11,020	7,830	11,720
Other	375	315	340	320	330	385	335	390	240	375
Total Unique Study Permit Holders	4,975	5,725	6,145	6,925	8,575	10,450	11,985	12,020	8,385	12,680

*This term refers to permit holders with a valid study permit that was signed and issued in each calendar year noted above.

In 2021, the top source countries of international students to Manitoba were India (26.5%), PR China (12.9%), Nigeria (10.0%), Bangladesh (6.6%), and Hong Kong SAR (4.7%). This is similar to what was observed in 2019.

The number of study permit holders from Hong Kong SAR in Manitoba increased markedly from 2020 to 2021, rising from 245 to 595 (by 243%), as did the number of study permit holders from the Philippines, Ecuador and Colombia (a more than 300% year-over-year increase). 2021 also saw a notable decline in the proportion of study permit holders from PR China, thought to be due to reduced mobility stemming from the outbreak of COVID-19.

Table 22: Manitoba (Province of Destination) - Study Permit Holders by Top Ten (2021 Rank) Country of Citizenship and Year in which Permit(s) Became Effective*, 2019–2021

Country of Citizenship	2019			2020			2021
	Number	Percentage	Rank	Number	Percentage	Rank	Number	Percentage	Rank
India	2,995	24.9%	1	1,695	20.2%	2	3,355	26.5%	1
China, People's Republic of	2,565	21.3%	2	1,895	22.6%	1	1,630	12.9%	2
Nigeria	1155	9.6%	3	935	11.2%	3	1,265	10.0%	3
Bangladesh	930	7.7%	4	640	7.6%	4	840	6.6%	4
Hong Kong SAR	135	1.1%	9	245	2.9%	6	595	4.7%	5
Philippines	175	1.5%	7	120	1.4%	8	405	3.2%	6
Vietnam	470	3.9%	5	405	4.8%	5	380	3.0%	7
Ecuador	95	0.8%	10	95	1.1%	9	300	2.4%	8
Pakistan	220	1.8%	6	200	2.4%	7	295	2.3%	9
Colombia	145	1.2%	8	85	1.0%	10	270	2.1%	10
Total Top Ten (2021 Rank)	8,880	73.9%		6,315	75.3%		9,335	73.6%
Other Countries of Citizenship	3,140	26.1%		2,070	20.7%		3,345	26.4%
Total Unique Study Permit Holders	12,020	100.0%		8,385	100.0%		12,680	100.0%

*This term refers to permit holders with a valid study permit that was signed and issued in each calendar year noted above. Rank is based on the highest number of study permits by country of citizenship.

The number of study permit holders who declared Manitoba their intended destination in Canada who held a valid permit as of December 31, 2021 was 18,815. This constitutes a 12.8 percent increase from pandemic-affected 2020 (16,685). Most international students with valid study permits had declared that they were pursuing studies at educational institutions in Winnipeg, as of year-end 2021 (17,545 – 93.3%), consistent with the previous year.

Table 23: Manitoba (Province of Destination) - Study Permit Holders on December 31st by Census Metropolitan Area of Destination*, 2012–2021

Census Metropolitan Area	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Brandon	245	285	295	355	450	585	715	925	735	840
Winnipeg	7,190	8,685	10,005	11,050	12,840	15,280	17,395	17,830	15,565	17,545
Other	520	500	515	485	480	560	525	545	385	430
Total Unique Study Permit Holders	7,955	9,470	10,815	11,890	13,770	16,425	18,635	19,300	16,685	18,815

*Defined by the intended destination as specified on the permit. When the intended destination is not specified, the last known address of the permit holder is used, as of December 31st of the given year.

The top source countries of international students to Manitoba – based on valid study permit holders at the end of 2021 – were India (27.9%), PR China (13.2%), Nigeria (10.9%), Bangladesh (6.8%), and Vietnam (3.8%). This is comparable to what was observed in 2019, save for a notable ~5.5 percent decline in the proportion of study permit holders with citizenship in PR China.

Table 24: Manitoba (Province of Destination) - Study Permit Holders on December 31st by Top Ten (2021 Rank) Country of Citizenship, 2019–2021

Country of Citizenship	2019			2020			2021
	Number	Percentage	Rank	Number	Percentage	Rank	Number	Percentage	Rank
India	5,035	26.1%	1	4,395	26.3%	1	5,240	27.9%	1
China, People's Republic of	3,765	19.5%	2	3,105	18.6%	2	2,485	13.2%	2
Nigeria	1,855	9.6%	3	1,745	10.5%	3	2,050	10.9%	3
Bangladesh	1,305	6.8%	4	1,200	7.2%	4	1,285	6.8%	4
Vietnam	920	4.8%	5	800	4.8%	5	720	3.8%	5
Hong Kong SAR	205	1.1%	9	325	1.9%	8	665	3.5%	6
Pakistan	390	2.0%	6	355	2.1%	6	435	2.3%	7
Philippines	205	1.1%	9	190	1.1%	10	420	2.2%	8
United States of America	375	1.9%	7	330	2.0%	7	370	2.0%	9
Iran	305	1.6%	8	285	1.7%	9	335	1.8%	10
Total Top Ten (2021 Rank)	14,360	74.4%		12,735	76.3%		14,000	74.4%
Other Countries of Citizenship	4,940	25.6%		3,950	23.7%		4,815	25.6%
Total Unique Study Permit Holders	19,300	100.0%		16,685	100.0%		18,815	100.0%

Footnotes

^[1] Statistics Canada. Population estimates, quarterly. www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901. Accessed January 31, 2023.

^[2] Manitoba Bureau of Statistics. Spotlight on Labour Shortages. August 4, 2022.

^[3] Government of Canada. Building on Success: International Education Strategy 2019 – 2024: www.international.gc.ca/education/assets/pdfs/ies-sei/Building-on-Success-International-Education-Strategy-2019-2024.pdf. Accessed September 9, 2022.

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